COMPARISON OF LIGHT AND HEAT OUTPUTS BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT BRANDS AND TYPES OF LIGHT BULBS The objective of this project is to see which brand of light bulb- Osram (NZ made) or Sylvania (Made in Belgium for 'Australian standards') gives out the most light and which gives out the most heat. I also compared frosted bulbs to clear bulbs (for this I choose to use 40-watt bulbs). My hypothesis is that the clear bulbs will give out more heat and light than the frosted bulbs of both brands, I also believe that the brand of bulb which has the highest light output and the lowest heat output will be the most energy efficient. The apparatus that I used were: · Light bulbs (7 watt energy saver, 25 watt, 40 watt frosted, 40 watt clear, 75 watt clear and 100watt clear-one of each brand) · Lux meter · Digital thermometer · Bulb sockets · 1 meter ruler To test this hypothesis I performed two experiments, the first one was to determine the light output of each bulb. THE LIGHT OUTPUT EXPERIMENT: Each bulb was tested individually and the results recorded. The light output was measured in lux, at 0.5meters and 1.0 meters. The ruler was attached to a desk with the end of the ruler positioned so that it was in the middle of the bulb (parallel with the filament, the light source) The experiment was set up as follows: CONCLUSION FOR LIGHT OUTPUT EXPERIMENT: Overall, the Osram bulbs put out more light than the Sylvania bulbs, however the Sylvania energy saver bulb was brighter than the Osram energy saver, this may have been because the Sylvania energy saver put out a more 'harder' bluer light. There was an inconsistency in measurements between the 40-watt frosted and the 40-watt clear of each brand. The 40-watt clear Osram was much brighter than the frosted; it was also brighter than the Sylvania 40-watt clear. The Sylvania 40-watt clear was brighter than the 40-watt frosted of the same brand. This could be because the 'frost' on the frosted bulbs disperses the light more. CONCLUSION FOR TEMPERATURE EXPERIMENT: The differences in temperature between the same wattage bulbs of each brand varies. For the 40-watt frosted bulbs the Sylvania was higher, for the 40-watt clear bulbs the Osram was higher, the Osram was also higher for the energy saver bulbs, however both the 75- watt clear and the 100-watt clear Sylvania bulbs were higher than the Osram equivalents. Overall, the Sylvania bulbs gave out the most heat and therefore were less efficient. The 40-watt clear Osram bulb got hotter than the frosted and hotter than the Sylvania equivalent. The 40-watt clear Sylvania was hotter than the 40-watt frosted. This could have been because the 'frost' on the inside of the frosted bulbs absorbs some heat. THE TEMPERATURE EXPERIMENT: This experiment was to determine the differences in heat output (degrees celsius) for each different bulb, in place of the lux meter I used a digital thermometer, with its sensor attached 0.10m up the ruler. Before each test I took the temperature of the room, this was then subtracted from the final result after ten minuites (the time it took for the air above the bulb to heat up). This experiment was set up as shown: (also see photo) OVERALL CONCLUSION: From both experiments we can see that the Osram brand (NZ made) is more energy efficient (except when comparing the two energy saver bulbs, where the Sylvania is the best). In the light output experiment the Osram bulbs had the highest output, while in the temperature experiment it was also the Osram bulbs that came out with the lowest temperatures overall. My results also show that the clear bulbs put out more heat and more light than the frosted bulbs, when comparing 40-watt bulbs of both types and brands. The frosted bulbs give out a softer light. These experiments prove the hypothesis that: 'clear bulbs put out more light and heat than frosted bulbs.' Everything in this project worked out as planned. However, I think the method of taking measurements could be improved by taking the light output measurements away from reflective surfaces. Even though the measurements were taken in complete darkness light could have reflected off various surfaces in the room such as the varnished desk or shiny metal bed legs and affected the readings. The movements in the air could have also affected the temperature readings a bit; draughts from doors and windows could have lowered the temperature readings slightly. Draughts could have been detected and blocked. A similar process could be found in places such as theatres, new building sites, sign displays and other areas where energy efficiency matters. Clearly Osram bulbs are the best choice for energy efficiency, but when it comes to choosing between frosted or clear bulbs, that is a harder decision. Clear bulbs, as well as putting out more light they also put out more heat; while frosted bulbs put out less heat they also put out less light. (They would really put out the same light and heat as clear bulbs of the same wattage but the frosting affects the output). DISPLAY This display is set up to show an example of the light bulbs I used in the experiment. The bulb holder was adapted from that in the photos to hold two bulbs for display purposes . Some of the bulbs used in this experiment can be seen in the photo or in the display. The two bulbs in the display are a 7-watt Osram energy saver bulb (which is equal to a standard 40-watt bulb in terms of light output) and a standard 40-watt clear Sylvania bulb. If you place your hand above each bulb you can see the big differences in temperature between the energy saver and the standard. Also notice how the energy saver gives out a much softer light than the standard bulb. All research, experimentation and the making of the display was done to me. The Osram bulbs were obtained from my dad from his work. COMPARISON OF LIGHT AND HEAT OUTPUTS BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT BRANDS AND TYPES OF LIGHT BULBS The objective of this project is to see which brand of light bulb- Osram (NZ made) or Sylvania (Made in Belgium for 'Australian standards') gives out the most light and which gives out the most heat. I also compared frosted bulbs to clear bulbs (for this I choose to use 40-watt bulbs). My hypothesis is that the clear bulbs will give out more heat and light than the frosted bulbs of both brands, I also believe that the brand of bulb which has the highest light output and the lowest heat output will be the most energy efficient. The apparatus that I used were: · Light bulbs (7 watt energy saver, 25 watt, 40 watt frosted, 40 watt clear, 75 watt clear and 100watt clear-one of each brand) · Lux meter · Digital thermometer · Bulb sockets · 1 meter ruler To test this hypothesis I performed two experiments, the first one was to determine the light output of each bulb. THE LIGHT OUTPUT EXPERIMENT: Each bulb was tested individually and the results recorded. The light output was measured in lux, at 0.5meters and 1.0 meters. The ruler was attached to a desk with the end of the ruler positioned so that it was in the middle of the bulb (parallel with the filament, the light source) The experiment was set up as follows: CONCLUSION FOR LIGHT OUTPUT EXPERIMENT: Overall, the Osram bulbs put out more light than the Sylvania bulbs, however the Sylvania energy saver bulb was brighter than the Osram energy saver, this may have been because the Sylvania energy saver put out a more 'harder' bluer light. There was an inconsistency in measurements between the 40-watt frosted and the 40-watt clear of each brand. The 40-watt clear Osram was much brighter than the frosted; it was also brighter than the Sylvania 40-watt clear. The Sylvania 40-watt clear was brighter than the 40-watt frosted of the same brand. This could be because the 'frost' on the frosted bulbs disperses the light more. CONCLUSION FOR TEMPERATURE EXPERIMENT: The differences in temperature between the same wattage bulbs of each brand varies. For the 40-watt frosted bulbs the Sylvania was higher, for the 40-watt clear bulbs the Osram was higher, the Osram was also higher for the energy saver bulbs, however both the 75- watt clear and the 100-watt clear Sylvania bulbs were higher than the Osram equivalents. Overall, the Sylvania bulbs gave out the most heat and therefore were less efficient. The 40-watt clear Osram bulb got hotter than the frosted and hotter than the Sylvania equivalent. The 40-watt clear Sylvania was hotter than the 40-watt frosted. This could have been because the 'frost' on the inside of the frosted bulbs absorbs some heat. THE TEMPERATURE EXPERIMENT: This experiment was to determine the differences in heat output (degrees celsius) for each different bulb, in place of the lux meter I used a digital thermometer, with its sensor attached 0.10m up the ruler. Before each test I took the temperature of the room, this was then subtracted from the final result after ten minuites (the time it took for the air above the bulb to heat up). This experiment was set up as shown: (also see photo) OVERALL CONCLUSION: From both experiments we can see that the Osram brand (NZ made) is more energy efficient (except when comparing the two energy saver bulbs, where the Sylvania is the best). In the light output experiment the Osram bulbs had the highest output, while in the temperature experiment it was also the Osram bulbs that came out with the lowest temperatures overall. My results also show that the clear bulbs put out more heat and more light than the frosted bulbs, when comparing 40-watt bulbs of both types and brands. The frosted bulbs give out a softer light. These experiments prove the hypothesis that: 'clear bulbs put out more light and heat than frosted bulbs.' Everything in this project worked out as planned. However, I think the method of taking measurements could be improved by taking the light output measurements away from reflective surfaces. Even though the measurements were taken in complete darkness light could have reflected off various surfaces in the room such as the varnished desk or shiny metal bed legs and affected the readings. The movements in the air could have also affected the temperature readings a bit; draughts from doors and windows could have lowered the temperature readings slightly. Draughts could have been detected and blocked. A similar process could be found in places such as theatres, new building sites, sign displays and other areas where energy efficiency matters. Clearly Osram bulbs are the best choice for energy efficiency, but when it comes to choosing between frosted or clear bulbs, that is a harder decision. Clear bulbs, as well as putting out more light they also put out more heat; while frosted bulbs put out less heat they also put out less light. (They would really put out the same light and heat as clear bulbs of the same wattage but the frosting affects the output). DISPLAY This display is set up to show an example of the light bulbs I used in the experiment. The bulb holder was adapted from that in the photos to hold two bulbs for display purposes. Some of the bulbs used in this experiment can be seen in the photo or in the display. The two bulbs in the display are a 7-watt Osram energy saver bulb (which is equal to a standard 40-watt bulb in terms of light output) and a standard 40-watt clear Sylvania bulb. If you place your hand above each bulb you can see the big differences in temperature between the energy saver and the standard. Also notice how the energy saver gives out a much softer light than the standard bulb. All research, experimentation and the making of the display was done to me. The Osram bulbs were obtained from my dad from his work.